NAME?

Word or term used for identification by an external observer

Names of places (toponyms) on a road sign indicating their management in Bali, Indonesia

A name is a term used for identification by an external observer. They tin can place a form or category of things, or a unmarried affair, either uniquely, or within a given context. The entity identified by a proper noun is called its referent. A personal proper noun identifies, not necessarily uniquely, a specific individual man. The name of a specific entity is sometimes called a name (although that term has a philosophical meaning besides) and is, when consisting of only 1 discussion, a name. Other nouns are sometimes called "common names" or (obsolete) "full general names". A name tin be given to a person, place, or thing; for example, parents can give their child a name or a scientist tin requite an element a proper name.

Etymology

The word name comes from Old English nama; cognate with Old High High german (OHG) namo, Sanskrit नामन् (nāman), Latin nomen, Greek ὄνομα (onoma), and Persian نام (nâm), from the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) *h₁nómn̥.^[ane] Outside Indo-European, it can be connected to Proto-Uralic *nime.

Naming conventions

A naming convention is a set of agreed, stipulated, or generally accepted standards, norms, social norms, or criteria for naming things.

Parents may follow a naming convention when selecting names for their children. Some take chosen alphabetical names past nativity gild. In some East Asian cultures it is mutual for ane syllable in a ii-syllable given proper noun to be a generation proper name which is the aforementioned for immediate siblings. In many cultures information technology is common for the son to be named later on the father or a granddaddy. In sure African cultures, such equally in Republic of cameroon, the eldest son gets the family name for his given proper noun. In other cultures, the proper noun may include the place of residence, or the place of nascence. The Roman naming convention denotes social rank.

Major naming conventions include:

• Astronomical naming conventions
• In biology, binomial nomenclature
• In chemistry, chemic nomenclature
• In classics, Roman naming conventions
• In computer programming, identifier naming conventions
• In estimator networking, computer naming schemes
• Planetary nomenclature in planetary science
• In sciences generally, systematic names for a multifariousness of things

Products may follow a naming convention. Automobiles typically have a binomial proper name, a "make" (manufacturer) and a "model", in addition to a model year, such equally a 2007 Chevrolet Corvette. Sometimes at that place is a proper noun for the car'southward "decoration level" or "trim line" as well: e.g., Cadillac Escalade EXT Platinum, after the precious metal. Computers oftentimes have increasing numbers in their names to signify the next generation.

Courses at schools typically follow a naming convention: an abbreviation for the subject area and then a number ordered by increasing level of difficulty.

Many numbers (due east.thou., banking company accounts, authorities IDs, credit cards, etc.) are not random but take an internal structure and convention. About all organizations that assign names or numbers volition follow some convention in generating these identifiers. Airline flight numbers, Infinite Shuttle flight numbers, even phone numbers all have an internal convention.

Personal name

A signature is a person's own handwritten name

A personal name is an identifying word or words past which an private is intimately known or designated.^[ii] In many countries, it is traditional for individuals to have a personal name (too called a given name or first name) and a surname (besides called a last name or family name considering information technology is shared by members of the aforementioned family).^[3] Some people take two surnames, one inherited from each parent. In most of Europe and the Americas, the given proper name typically comes before the surname, whereas in parts of Asia and Hungary the surname comes earlier the given proper noun. In some cultures it is traditional for a woman to take her hubby's surname when she gets married.

A mutual practice in many countries is patronym which ways that a component of a personal name is based on the given name of one'due south father. A less common exercise in countries is matronym which ways that a component of a personal name is based on the given name of ane's female parent. In some East Asian cultures, it is traditional for given names to include a generation name, a syllable shared between siblings and cousins of the same generation.

Middle names are also used by many people as a third identifier, and tin be called for personal reasons including signifying relationships, preserving pre-marital/maiden names (a pop do in the The states), and to perpetuate family unit names. The practise of using heart names dates back to ancient Rome, where it was common for members of the elite to have a praenomen (a personal name), a nomen (a family name, not exactly used the way middle names are used today), and a cognomen (a name representing an individual aspect or the specific branch of a person's family).^[iv] Heart names eventually fell out of use, but regained popularity in Europe during the nineteenth century.^[four]

Besides first, middle, and final names, individuals may also have nicknames, aliases, or titles. Nicknames are informal names used past friends or family to refer to a person ("Chris" may be used as a brusque class of the personal name "Christopher"). A person may cull to utilise an alias, or a false name, instead of their real name, possibly to protect or obscure their identity. People may as well have titles designating their role in an institution or profession (members of regal families may use diverse terms such equally King, Queen, Duke, or Duchess to signify their positions of potency or their relation to the throne).^[3]

Names of names

In onomastic terminology, personal names of men are called andronyms (from Ancient Greek ἀνήρ / man, and ὄνομα / name),^[5] while personal names of women are chosen gynonyms (from Aboriginal Greek γυνή / woman, and ὄνομα / proper noun).^[6]

Names of humans (anthroponyms)

Proper name of ...	Proper noun of name
Full name of a person	Personal name
Outset proper noun of a person	Given proper noun
Family proper name	Surname
Residents of a locality	Demonym
Ethnic grouping	Ethnonym
False or causeless proper name	Pseudonym
Pseudonym of an author	Pen name
Pseudonym of a performer	Stage name
Other names	-onym-suffixed words

Names of non-human entities

Name of a...	Name of name
Any geographical object	Toponym
Torso of h2o	Hydronym
Mount or hill	Oronym
Region or country	Choronym
Any inhabited locality	Econym
Village	Comonym
Boondocks or city	Astionym
Catholic object	Cosmonym
Star	Astronym
Other names	-onym-suffixed words

Brand names

Developing a proper noun for a brand or product is heavily influenced by marketing research and strategy to be appealing and marketable. The brand name is often a neologism or pseudoword, such as Kodak or Sony.

Religious names

2 charts from an Arabic copy of the Secretum Secretorum for determining whether a person volition alive or die based on the numerical value of the patient's proper name.

In the ancient globe, particularly in the ancient near-e (State of israel, Mesopotamia, Egypt, Persia) names were thought to be extremely powerful and act, in some ways, as a separate manifestation of a person or deity.^[7] This viewpoint is responsible both for the reluctance to use the proper proper noun of God in Hebrew writing or speech, likewise equally the mutual understanding in ancient magic that magical rituals had to be carried out "in [someone'southward] name". Past invoking a god or spirit by name, one was thought to be able to summon that spirit's ability for some kind of miracle or magic (see Luke 9:49, in which the disciples merits to accept seen a man driving out demons using the name of Jesus). This understanding passed into later religious tradition, for example the stipulation in Catholic exorcism that the demon cannot be expelled until the exorcist has forced it to surrender its name, at which point the name may be used in a stern control which volition drive the demon away.

Biblical names

In the Former Testament, the names of individuals are meaningful, and a change of proper name indicates a change of status. For example, the patriarch Abram and his wife Sarai were renamed "Abraham" and "Sarah" at the institution of the Abrahamic covenant (Genesis 17:iv, 17:15). Simon was renamed Peter when he was given the Keys to Heaven. This is recounted in the Gospel of Matthew chapter 16, which co-ordinate to Roman Catholic teaching^[8] was when Jesus promised to Saint Peter the power to take binding deportment.^[ix] Proper names are "saturated with meaning".^[10]

Throughout the Bible, characters are given names at birth that reflect something of significance or depict the course of their lives. For example: Solomon meant peace,^[11] and the king with that name was the first whose reign was without war.^[12] Likewise, Joseph named his firstborn son Manasseh (Hebrew: "causing to forget")(Genesis 41:51); when Joseph as well said, "God has made me forget all my troubles and everyone in my father's family unit." Biblical Jewish people did not take surnames which were passed from generation to generation. Still, they were typically known as the child of their male parent. For example: דוד בן ישי (David ben Yishay) meaning, David, son of Jesse (1 Samuel 17:12,58). Today, this manner of proper name is notwithstanding used in Jewish religious rites.

Indian proper noun

Indian names are based on a diverseness of systems and naming conventions, which vary from region to region. Names are also influenced by faith and caste and may come from epics. Republic of india's population speaks a wide variety of languages and nearly every major religion in the world has a following in India. This variety makes for subtle, oftentimes confusing, differences in names and naming styles. Due to historical Indian cultural influences, several names across Due south and Southeast Asia are influenced by or adapted from Indian names or words.

For some Indians, their nascency proper name is unlike from their official name; the birth proper name starts with a randomly selected proper name from the person's horoscope (based on the nakshatra or lunar mansion corresponding to the person's birth).

Many children are given 3 names, sometimes every bit a part of religious teaching.

Quranic names (Arabic names)

We tin see many Arabic names in the Quran and in Muslim people, such equally Allah, Muhammad, Khwaja, Ismail, Mehboob, Suhelahmed, Shoheb Ameena, Aaisha, Sameena, Rumana, Swaleha, etc. The names Mohammed and Ahmed are the aforementioned, for case Suhel Ahmad or Mohammad Suhel are the aforementioned. In that location are many like names in Islam and Christianity, such equally Yosef (Islamic)/Joseph (Christian), Adam/Adam, Dawood/David, Rumana/Romana, Maryam/Mary, Nuh/Noah, etc.

Proper noun use past animals

The use of personal names is not unique to humans. Dolphins^[13] and greenish-rumped parrotlets^[14] also use symbolic names to address contact calls to specific individuals. Individual dolphins have distinctive signature whistles, to which they will reply even when in that location is no other information to clarify which dolphin is beingness referred to.

Run across also

• Chinese name
• Human names
• Legal name
• List of adjectival forms of place names
• Name calling – a form of exact abuse
• Names of God
• Numeral (linguistics)
• Onomastics – the study of proper names
• Popular cat names
• Championship (publishing)

References

1. ^ "Online Etymology Dictionary". Archived from the original on 2008-09-28. Retrieved 2008-09-twenty . ; The asterisk before a discussion indicates that it is a hypothetical construction, non an attested form.
2. ^ "personal name". Merriam-Webster.com. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
3. ^ ^{a b} "Full general words for names, and types of name". macmillandictionary.com. Macmillan Dictionary. Retrieved xviii June 2018.
4. ^ ^{a b} Fabry, Merrill (Baronial xvi, 2016). "Now You Know: Why Do We Have Middle Names?" (web article). Fourth dimension.com. Time. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
5. ^ Room 1996, p. 6.
6. ^ Barolini 2005, p. 91, 98.
7. ^ "Egyptian Religion", E. A. Wallis Budge", Arkana 1987 edition, ISBN 0-fourteen-019017-1
8. ^ Catechism of the Catholic Church building, para 881: "The episcopal college and its head, the Pope" Archived 2010-09-06 at the Wayback Automobile
9. ^ The Routledge Companion to the Christian Church building by Gerard Mannion and Lewis S. Mudge (Jan 30, 2008) ISBN 0415374200 folio 235
10. ^ Baruch Hochman, Grapheme in Literature (Cornell University Press, 1985), 37.
11. ^ Campbell, Mike. "Pregnant, origin and history of the name Solomon". Behind the Name . Retrieved 2018-12-27 .
12. ^ "Solomon, the Rex". www.dawnbible.com . Retrieved 2018-12-27 .
13. ^ "Dolphins Name Themselves With Whistles, Written report Says". National Geographic News. May 8, 2006. Archived from the original on November 14, 2006.
14. ^ Berg, Karl Southward.; Delgado, Soraya; Okawa, Rae; Beissinger, Steven R.; Bradbury, Jack Westward. (2011-01-01). "Contact calls are used for individual mate recognition in free-ranging greenish-rumped parrotlets, Forpus passerinus". Animal Behaviour. 81 (ane): 241–248. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.10.012. ISSN 0003-3472. S2CID 42150361.

Sources

• Barolini, Teodolinda, ed. (2005). Medieval Constructions in Gender And Identity: Essays in Laurels of Joan M. Ferrante. Tempe: Arizona Heart for Medieval and Renaissance Studies. ISBN9780866983372.
• Bruck, Gabriele vom; Bodenhorn, Barbara, eds. (2009) [2006]. An Anthropology of Names and Naming (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Fraser, Peter Thousand. (2000). "Ethnics as Personal Names". Greek Personal Names: Their Value as Evidence (PDF). Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 149–157.
• Roberts, Michael (2017). "The Semantics of Demonyms in English". The Semantics of Nouns. Oxford: Oxford University Printing. pp. 205–220. ISBN978-0-xix-873672-1.
• Room, Adrian (1996). An Alphabetical Guide to the Language of Name Studies. Lanham and London: The Scarecrow Printing. ISBN9780810831698.

Further reading

• "Names" by Sam Cumming, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (SEP), a philosophical dissertation on the syntax and semantics of names
• Pilcher, Jane (2017). "Names, Bodies and Identities". Sociology. 50 (4): 764–779. doi:10.1177/0038038515582157. S2CID 145136869.
• Matthews, Elaine; Hornblower, Simon; Fraser, Peter Marshall, Greek Personal Names: Their Value every bit Show, Proceedings of the British University (104), Oxford University Press, 2000. ISBN 0-xix-726216-three
• Name and Grade – from Sacred Texts Buddhism

External links

Wikiquote has quotations related to: Name

Wikimedia Commons has media related to names.

• Lexicon of Greek Personal Names, Oxford (over 35,000 published names)
• Behind The Name, The etymology of offset names
• The Name Tradition In The Christian Civilization
• Kate Monk's Onomastikon Names over the earth throughout the history
• "Name". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Name

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